Expectancy theory was developed by Victor Voom and is a popular motivational theory. Expectancy Theory proposes that an individual will decide to behave or act in a certain way because they are motivated to select a behavior over another behavior due to what they expect the result of that one behavior will be. Vroom believes that motivation will be high when workers feel high levels of of effort leads to high performance and high performance will lead to desired outcomes.
Expectancy Theory includes 3 variables:
1. Expectancy: Belief that effort leads to performance
-(Do you believe your capable of doing it?)
2. Instrumentality: Belief that performance leads to outcome
-(Do you believe you'll be rewarded for you performance?)
3. Valence: Extent one values the language
-(Do you value the rewards?)
1. Expectancy: Belief that effort leads to performance
-(Do you believe your capable of doing it?)
2. Instrumentality: Belief that performance leads to outcome
-(Do you believe you'll be rewarded for you performance?)
3. Valence: Extent one values the language
-(Do you value the rewards?)
Expectancy Theory emphasizes expected behaviors. The theory is concerned with perceptions. This means that an individual's perception of performance , rewards, and goal outcomes will determine that individual's level of effort.
Quick Overview of Expectancy Theory
Robbins, S. P. (2014). Management: Student value edition (12th ed.). S.l., New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Schmidt, C. T. (2002). Expectancy Theory. Retrieved from http://www.uri.edu/research/lrc/scholl/webnotes/Motivation_Expectancy.htm
Your Coach (2009). Vroom expectancy motivation theory. Retrieved from http://www.yourcoach.be/en/employee-motivation-theories/vroom-expectancy-motivation-theory.php
Schmidt, C. T. (2002). Expectancy Theory. Retrieved from http://www.uri.edu/research/lrc/scholl/webnotes/Motivation_Expectancy.htm
Your Coach (2009). Vroom expectancy motivation theory. Retrieved from http://www.yourcoach.be/en/employee-motivation-theories/vroom-expectancy-motivation-theory.php